JEE Main Syllabus 2025: Check Subject Wise Topics and Weightage

Units

Sub-Topics

Unit 1: Units and Measurement

Units of measurements, System of Units, S I Units, fundamental and derived units, least count, significant figures, Errors in measurements, Dimensions of Physics quantities, dimensional analysis, and its applications.

Unit 2: Kinematics

The frame of reference, motion in a straight line, Position- time graph, speed and velocity; Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graph, relations for uniformly accelerated motion, Scalars and Vectors, Vector. Addition and subtraction, scalar and vector products, Unit Vector, Resolution of a Vector. Relative Velocity, Motion in a plane, Projectile Motion, and Uniform Circular Motion.

Unit 3: Laws of Motion

Force and inertia, Newton’s First law of motion; Momentum, Newton’s Second Law of motion, Impulses; Newton’s Third Law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of concurrent forces.

Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction.

Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications: vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road.

Unit 4: Work, Energy, and Power

Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work-energy theorem, power.

The potential energy of spring conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and nonconservative forces; motion in a vertical circle: Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

Unit5: Rotational Motion

Centre of the mass of a two-particle system, Centre of the mass of a rigid body; Basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force; torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications.

The moment of inertia, the radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, and their applications. Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions.

Unit 6: Gravitation

The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Kepler’s law of planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential.

Escape velocity, Motion of a satellite, orbital velocity, time period, and energy of satellite.

Unit 7: Properties of Solids and Liquids

Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law. Young's modulus, bulk modulus, and modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications. Effect of gravity on fluid pressure.
Viscosity. Stokes' law. Terminal velocity, streamline, and turbulent flow.critical velocity. Bernoulli's principle and its applications.

Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface, application of surface tension - drops, bubbles, and capillary rise. Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat. Heat transfer conduction, convection, and radiation.

Unit 8: Thermodynamics

Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, the concept of temperature. Heat, work, and internal energy. The first law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes.

The second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes.

Unit 9: Kinetic Theory of Gases

Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas, Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, the concept of pressure. Kinetic interpretation of temperature: RMS speed of gas molecules: Degrees of freedom. Law of equipartition of energy and applications to specific heat capacities of gases; Mean free path. Avogadro's number.

Unit 10: Oscillations and Waves

Oscillations and periodic motion – time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase: oscillations of a spring -restoring force and force constant: energy in S.H.M. - Kinetic and potential energies; Simple pendulum - derivation of expression for its time period: Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of the travelling wave. Displacement relation for a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves. Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode, and harmonics. Beats.

Unit 11: Electrostatics

Electric Charges, Electric Field, Electric Flux, and Conductors and Insulators.

Unit 12: Current Electricity

Electric current. Drift velocity, mobility, and their relation with electric current. Ohm's law. Electrical resistance. V-l characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors. Electrical energy and power. Electrical resistivity and conductivity. Series and parallel combinations of resistors; Temperature dependence of resistance. Internal resistance, potential difference, and emf of a cell, a combination of cells in series and parallel. Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications. Wheatstone bridge. Metre Bridge.

Unit 13: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Biot - Savart law and its application to the current carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields.

Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. The force between two parallel currents carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field: Moving coil galvanometer, its sensitivity, and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Magnetic field due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field. Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances with examples, the effect of temperature on magnetic properties.

Unit 14: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Electromagnetic induction: Faraday's law. Induced emf and current: Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/ voltage: reactance and impedance: LCR series circuit, resonance: power in AC circuits, wattless current. AC generator and transformer.

Unit 15: Electromagnetic Waves

Displacement current. Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics, Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet. X-rays. Gamma rays), Applications of e.m. waves.

Unit 16: Optics

Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, thin lens formula, and lens maker formula. Total internal reflection and its applications. Magnification. Power of a Lens. Combination of thin lenses in contact. Refraction of light through a prism. Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting ) and their magnifying powers.

Wave Optics: Wavefront and Huygens' principle. Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle. Interference, Young's double-slit experiment, and expression for fringe width, coherent sources, and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Polarisation, plane-polarised light: Brewster's law, uses of plane polarised light and Polaroid.

Unit 17: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect. Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation: particle nature of light. Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation.

Unit 18: Atoms and Nuclei

Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission, and fusion.

Unit 19: Electronic Devices

Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED. The photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Logic gates (OR. AND. NOT. NAND and NOR).

Unit 20: Experimental Skills

Vernier calipers, Screw gauge, Simple Pendulum, and Metre Scale.

Units

Sub-Topics

Physical Chemistry

Unit 1: Some Basic Concepts In Chemistry

Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory: Concept of atom, molecule, element, and compound: Laws of chemical combination; Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae: Chemical equations and stoichiometry.

Unit 2: Atomic Structure

Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect; Spectrum of the hydrogen atom. Bohr model of a hydrogen atom - its postulates, derivation of the relations for the energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr's model; Dual nature of matter, de Broglie's relationship. Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanics, the quantum mechanical model of the atom, and its important 2Ø and Øfeatures. Concept of atomic orbitals as one-electron wave functions: Variation of with r for 1s and 2s orbitals; various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum, and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance; shapes of s, p, and d - orbitals, electron spin, and spin quantum number: Rules for filling electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle. Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of elements, and extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.

Unit 3: Chemical Bonding And Molecular Structure

Kossel-Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, the concept of ionic and covalent bonds.

Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy.

Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity. Fajan’s rule, dipole moment: Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR ) theory and shapes of simple molecules.

Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory - its important features, the concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals; Resonance.

Molecular Orbital Theory - Its important features. LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, the concept of bond order, bond length, and bond energy. Elementary idea of metallic bonding. Hydrogen bonding and its applications.

Unit 4: Chemical Thermodynamics

Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, Entropy, types of processes.

The first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics.

Unit 5: Solutions

Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), the vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult's Law - Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, plots for ideal and nonideal solutions; Colligative properties of dilute solutions - a relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, the elevation of boiling point and osmotic pressure; Determination of molecular mass using colligative properties; Abnormal value of molar mass, Van’t Hoff factor and its significance.

Unit 6: Equilibrium

Meaning of equilibrium is the concept of dynamic equilibrium, Equilibria involving physical processes, Equilibrium involving chemical processes, and Ionic equilibrium.

Unit 7: Redox Reactions And Electrochemistry

Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, and balancing of redox reactions.

Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, molar conductivities and their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch’s law and its applications.

Electrochemical cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different types of electrodes, electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half-cell and cell reactions, emf of a Galvanic cell and its measurement: Nernst equation and its applications; Relationship between cell potential and Gibbs' energy change: Dry cell and lead accumulator; Fuel cells

Unit 8: Chemical Kinetics

Rate of a chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature, pressure, and catalyst; elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units, differential and integral forms of zero and first-order 11 reactions, their characteristics and half-lives, the effect of temperature on the rate of reactions, Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation, collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation).

Inorganic Chemistry

Unit 9: Classification Of Elements And Periodicity In Properties

Modern periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p. d and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements of atomic and ionic radii, ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity.

Unit 10: P- Block Elements

Group -13 to Group 18 Elements

Unit 11: d - and f- Block Elements

Transition Elements, Inner Transition Elements, Lanthanoids, and Actinoids.

Unit 12: Coordination Compounds

Introduction to coordination compounds. Werner’s theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity. chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism; Bonding-Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties; Importance of coordination compounds (In qualitative analysis, extraction of metals, and in biological systems).

Organic Chemistry

Unit 13: Purification And Characterisation Of Organic Compounds

Purification, Qualitative analysis, Quantitative analysis.

Calculations of empirical formulae, and molecular formulae.

Unit 14:Some Basic Principles Of Organic Chemistry

Tetravalency of carbon, nomenclature, electronic displacement in a covalent bond, and common types of organic reactions.

Units 15: Hydrocarbons

Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties, and reactions.

Alkanes - Conformations

Alkenes -  Geometrical isomerism

Alkynes -  Acidic character

Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature, benzene - structure and aromaticity.

Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation, directive influence of the functional group in monosubstituted benzene.

Unit 16: Organic Compounds Containing Halogens

General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions; Nature of C-X bond; Mechanisms of substitution reactions.

Uses; Environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform freons, and DDT.

Unit 17: Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen

General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses.

Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehyde and Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, Acidic strength and factors affecting it.

Unit 18: Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses.

Amines, and Diazonium Salts.

Unit 19: Biomolecules

General introduction and importance of biomolecules.

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Vitamins, Nucleic Acids, Biological functions of nucleic acids, and Hormones (General introduction).

Unit 20: Principles Related To Practical Chemistry

Detection of extra elements (Nitrogen, Sulphur, halogens) in organic compounds; Detection of the following functional groups; hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketones) carboxyl, and amino groups in organic compounds.

The chemistry involved in the preparation of the following: Inorganic compounds and Organic Compounds.

Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis.

Units

Sub-Topics

Unit 1: Sets, Relations, and Functions

Sets and their representation: Union, intersection, and complement of sets and their algebraic properties; Power set; Relation, Type of relations, equivalence relations, functions; one-one, into and onto functions, and the composition of functions.

Unit 2: Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Complex numbers as ordered pairs of reals, Representation of complex numbers in the form a + ib and their representation in a plane, Argand diagram, algebra of complex number, modulus, and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number, Quadratic equations in real and complex number system and their solutions. Relations between roots and coefficient, nature of roots, and the formation of quadratic equations with given roots.

Unit 3: Matrix and Determinants

Matrices, algebra of matrices, type of matrices, determinants, and matrices of order two and three, evaluation of determinants, area of triangles using determinants, Adjoint, and evaluation of inverse of a square matrix using determinants and, Test of consistency and solution of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables using matrices.

Unit 4: Permutations and Combinations

The fundamental principle of counting, permutation as an arrangement and combination as section, Meaning of P (n,r) and C (n,r), simple applications.

Unit 5: Binomial Theorem and its Simple Applications

Binomial theorem for a positive integral index, general term and middle term, simple application.

Unit 6: Sequence and Series

Arithmetic and Geometric progressions, Insertion of arithmetic, geometric means between two given numbers, relation between A.M and G.M.

Unit 7: Limit, Continuity, and Differentiability

Real–valued functions, algebra of functions, polynomials, rational, trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions, inverse function. Graphs of Simple Functions. Limits, continuity, and differentiability. Differentiation of the sum, difference, product, and quotient of two functions. Differentiation of trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite, and implicit functions; derivatives of order up to two, Applications of derivatives: Rate of change of quantities, monotonic-increasing and decreasing functions, maxima and minima of functions of one variable.

Unit 8: Integral Calculus

Integral as antiderivative, Fundamental integral involving algebraic, trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions. Integrations by substitution, by parts, and by partial functions. Integration using Trigonometric Identities.

The fundamental theorem of calculus, properties of definite integrals. Evaluation of definite integrals, determining areas of the regions bounded by simple curves in standard form.

Unit 9: Differential Equations

Ordinary differential equations, their order, and degree, the solution of differential equations by the method of separation of variables, solution of a homogeneous and linear differential equation.

Unit 10: Coordinate Geometry

Ordinary differential equations, their order, and degree, the solution of differential equations by the method of separation of variables, solution of a homogeneous and linear differential equation of the type, Straight Line, Circle, and Conic sections.

Unit 11: Three-Dimensional Geometry

Coordinates of a point in space, the distance between two points, section formula, directions ratios, and direction cosines, and the angle between two intersecting lines. Skew lines, the shortest distance between them, and its equation. Equations of a line.

Unit 12: Vector Algebra

Vectors and scalars, the addition of vectors, components of a vector in two dimensions and three-dimensional space, scalar and vector products.

Unit 13: Statistics and Probability

Measures of Discretion and Probability.

Unit 14: Trigonometry

Trigonometrical identities and trigonometrical functions, inverse trigonometrical functions, and their properties.

Units

Sub-Topics

Unit-1: Awareness of persons. Buildings, Materials

Objects, Texture related to Architecture and Build-environment, Visualising three dimensional objects from two-dimensional drawings. Visualising. Different sides of three dimensional objects. Analytical Reasoning Mental Ability (Visual. Numerical and Verbal).

Unit-2: Three dimensional Perception

Understanding and appreciation of scale and proportions of objects, building forms and elements, colour texture harmony and contrast Design and drawing of geometrical or abstract shapes and patterns in pencil. Transformation of forms in both 2D and 3D union, subtraction rotation, development of surfaces and volumes, Generation of plans, elevations, and 3D views of objects, creating two-dimensional and three-dimensional compositions using given shapes and forms.

Units

Sub-Topics

Unit-1 General Awareness

General knowledge questions and knowledge about prominent cities, development issues, government programs, etc.

Unit-2 Social Sciences

The idea of nationalism, nationalism in India, pre-modern world, 19th -century global economy, colonialism, and colonial cities, industrialization, resources, and development, types of 21 resources, agriculture, water, mineral resources, industries, national economy; Human Settlements.

Power-sharing, federalism, political parties, democracy, the constitution of India.

Economic development- economic sectors, globalisation, the concept of development, poverty; Population structure, social exclusion, and inequality, urbanisation, rural development, colonial cities.

Unit-3 Thinking Skills

Comprehension (Unseen Passage); map reading skills, scale, distance, direction, area, etc.; critical reasoning; understanding of charts, graphs, and tables; basic concepts of statistics, and quantitative reasoning.

Chapters

Total Questions

Sets

1

Permutations & Combinations

1

Probability

1

Complex Numbers

1

Binomial Theorem

1

Limits

1

Differentiability

1

Indefinite Integration

1

Definite Integration

1

Differential Equations

1

Height & Distance

1

Trigonometric Equations

1

The Area under the Curve

1

Quadratic Equations 

1

Vectors

1

Tangents and Normals

1

Maxima and Minima

1

Statistics

1

Parabola

1

Ellipse

1

Hyperbola

1

Sequences & Series

2

Straight Lines 

2

3-D Geometry

2

Determinants

2

Chapters

Total Questions

Electrostatics

1

Capacitors 

1

Simple Harmonic Motion

1

Sound Waves

1

Elasticity

1

Error in Measurement

1

Circular Motion

1

Electromagnetic Waves

1

Semiconductors

1

Magnetic Effect of Current and Magnetism

2

Alternating Current

2

Kinetic Theory of Gases & Thermodynamics

2

Kinematics

2

Work, Energy, and Power

2

Laws of Motion

2

Centre Of Mass

2

Rotational Dynamics

2

Modern Physics

2

Wave Optics

2

Current Electricity

3

Chapters

Total Questions

Mole Concept

1

Redox Reactions

1

Electrochemistry 

1

Chemical Kinetics

1

Solution & Colligative Properties

1

General Organic Chemistry

1

Stereochemistry

1

Hydrocarbon

1

Alkyl Halides 

1

Carboxylic Acids & their Derivatives 

1

Carbohydrates, Amino-Acids, and Polymers

1

Aromatic Compounds

1

Atomic Structure

2

Chemical Bonding

2

Chemical And Ionic Equilibrium

2

Solid-State And Surface Chemistry

2

Nuclear & Environmental Chemistry

2

Thermodynamics & the Gaseous State

2

Transition Elements & Coordination Compounds

3

Periodic table, p-Block Elements

3